The Service Encounter Diaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The Service Encounter Diaries - Essay Example This struck me as poor client assistance for an eventual client. 7: The store and the nature of client assistance could have been improved in two different ways. The first would be for the representatives to offer their immediate help paying little mind to the errand they may have been on. The second would be for the worker to apologize that he/she can't help and offer to discover another person. 3: While in line, I saw that of the three representatives at the front work area looking out for clients, just 2 of them were working. The other was clearly signed into her work station however she was not taking clients. Despite the fact that different representatives that were serving clients were amiable and to some degree happy, the morose demeanor on the substance of the non-working worker made one speculate that she was either simply sitting around or taking a break in an unseemly territory. 4: My response was somewhat obvious. I left the mail station with the acknowledgment that the principle reason individuals have a terrible desire for administration doesn't have to do with the way that there are not happy and dedicated individuals there, yet the way that a couple of apathetic, wasteful, or irate representatives ruins the whole experience. 7: The bleeding edge director ought to guarantee that those people who are entrusted with welcome or communicating with clients must keep up an exceptionally significant level of polished methodology and a decent hard working attitude. On the off chance that they can't meet these, at that point they ought to be put in another territory, reassigned or ended. 3: Upon moving toward the work area and clarifying the circumstance, the client care agent looked disappointed and revealed to me that they don't deal with any charging issues at their office and just can acknowledge installments or set up new plans. 7: The people at the store could profit by offering the client options since they don't deal with charging issues; just pardoning themselves

Othello Shakespeares Most Tragic Play Essay Example For Students

Othello: Shakespeares Most Tragic Play Essay Othello: Shakespeares Most Tragic PlayWilliam Shakespeare have composed numerous plays. His most sad play is Othello. Othello is additionally the name of the principle character in the play, he is very hard tounderstand. So as to have a superior comprehension of Othellos character,examining his progressions all through the play, blemishes and why he is considered atragic legend will give the peruser an understanding of his general character. Othello changes commonly over the span of the play. At thebeginning of the play Othello trusts Desdemona with all the fixings, yet throughoutthe play he loses positive about her since he tunes in to Iagos suggestionsabout her. Cassio, my ruler? No, definite, I can't think it That he would sneakaway so blameworthy like, Seeing you come.' (Shakespeare 105). He shows disrespectto Desdemona before others. Fallen angel he strikes her I have notdeserved this.' (141). Othello changes considerably more significantly in view of thepoison recommendations that Iago has given him. He runs wild andeventually murders Desdemona imagining that she has accomplished something incorrectly. Othello has numerous shocking defects. He is an extremely simple individual, forexample he was deceived by Iago; feeling that Desdemona was truly having anaffair with Cassio. Did he admit it?' (134). He confides in Iago too muchand thoroughly depends on Iago in this way making him extremely helpless against Iagosevilish plans. Othellos guilelessness makes him be desirous. He lets hisjealousy assume control over, he looses control of himself and follows up on his jealousemotions, he lets his envy mess his brain and practical insight. Damn her,lewd minx! O, damn her, damn her! Come go with me part. I will pull back Tofurnish me with some quick methods for death. For the reasonable villain. Presently are the mylieutenant' (122). Othellos other blemish is his resentment. Othello follows up on hisanger and in this manner winds up doing the things he laments a short time later. It is toolate. O Lord, O Lord, Lord! he covers her(168). Thusly by examiningthose focuses Othello has numerous te rrible blemishes in him. Othello is viewed as an appalling legend since he battles for the individuals inVenice in Cyprus. The Turk with a most powerful arrangement makes for Cyprus. Othello, the courage of the spot is most popular to you. (70). He islooked upon as a legend by the Duke of Venice. The Duke acclaims Othello for hisabilities and achievements. He is viewed as heartbreaking in light of the fact that he hasfallen in to the snare of Iago. Additionally Othello winds up executing Desdemona and thencommits self destruction for the unjust killing of his significant other. I took by ththroatthe circumcised hound And destroyed him subsequently. He cuts himself (180). The moorkills himself since he assumes liability for what he did, which makes himthe grievous saint. Othello is viewed as the most heartbreaking Shakespeare play. Othello is acharacter of numerous prospects. His character is very captivating, the changeshe experiences, the blemishes among him and why he is viewed as a heartbreaking herogives us a definite clarification of Othello as a general individual.

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas Things to Do on Christmas Day Home›Tips for Students›Things to Do on Christmas Day Tips for StudentsDecember is a special month; it brings the feeling of a holiday and everything starts buzzing in Christmas preparations.  From all around, you can hear about sparkling family traditions, different gatherings and the spirit of unity.  So you get a bit of a Grinch mood when anticipating that this Christmas you will spend on your own. There are plenty of reasons that spoil your holiday; the hint is not to fall for them.When you’re alone at Christmas If there is a chance to take control over your depressive circumstances, go for it! Rearrange your Christmas and enjoy your time. It’s much better than hibernating the whole month, trust me. You don’t have to perform feats to make your Christmas bright and enjoyable. Take small steps to create your holiday atmosphere.First of all, put some decorations to give a feeling of Christmas. At least, do something small like a tiny Christma s tree on your desk or a glowing garland above your bed. Even these simple details will involve you in the celebration. Don’t let yourself being excluded from Christmas this year.Get rid of the dreadful feeling when everyone’s celebrating except you. Make a plan, think of the special activities, maybe, find some alternatives to Christmas clichés. It must be something exciting for you. Bonus: you don’t have to avoid “What are you doing this Christmas?” question anymore.Whatever homebody you are, don’t spend all day alone. Find a company to celebrate with. Call your friends, visit your family, host a dinner, become a Christmas volunteer. People around will certainly make your day by simply saying “Merry Christmas!”Take your time to gather thoughts. If you really have a sad reason not to celebrate this year, don’t pretend to be happy. Think of your life, of the past year, of the meaning of Christmas. This holiday bears hope. This is the day when Jesus was born. He ca me to this world to become our redeemer, and He certainly knows how to overcome difficulties.This season I wish you to be happy. You have a chance to start over!

Revision Of The Critique Of Hardin’S “Lifeboat Ethics”

Revision of the Critique of Hardin’s â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics†: The Case against Helping the Poor Garrett Hardin was a controversial ecologist who believed that overpopulation was going to bring a downfall to a world of limited resources. Each nation was compared to a lifeboat with the rich being inside the boat and the poor in the water, drowning (Hardin, 561). He wrote the â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics† in 1974 when Ethiopia was having a starvation problem. Hardin’s opinion about the situation was that sending aid to Ethiopia was only making the problem worse and by feeding the people would aid overpopulation; the root to the problem. Hardin’s thesis developed from the notion that the rich should do nothing to help the poor. He believed that one†¦show more content†¦He believed this led to ratchet system. In other words, the food aid sent to poor countries would prevent the famine from decreasing the numbers in the population and preventing the famine from making the population more manageable. In nature, over-population is self-correcting through famine and disease; therefore a lot of suffering in the process. Our efforts to stop the suffering is what breaks the natural cycle (Hardin). This was the most controversial point made by Hardin. Hardin’s third point was clearly made, â€Å"shutting the door† on allowing immigrants to come to other nations is another way to solve overpopulation. He believed the resources in a nation belonged to the natives of the nation and therefore should not go to those that immigrate into the nation. Hardin’s thoughts on this point was that allowing immigrants to come into America would cause America to go deeper into poverty. Finally, Hardin’s last point was to draw the line that would prevent other immigrants from coming into our nation at this point. Hardin’s thought is that we can’t remove the immigrants that are already here, but an imag inary line can be drawn to prevent more immigrants from coming into the nation and this will continue to create more overpopulating. With considering all the points made by Hardin, it is clear that his purpose for writing â€Å"Lifeboat of Ethics† was to inform and educate society on the detrimental effects

The Term Holocaust Is Defined By Merriam-Websters Dictionary

The term holocaust is defined by Merriam-Websters Dictionary as great destruction of life, esp. by fire and the Holocaust as the killing of millions of European Jews by the Nazis. This horrific crime is one of the most highly documented genocides of the 20th century. In an article for the Contemporary European History journal titled The Causes of the Holocaust, author Timothy Snyder writes, â€Å". . . Hitler sealed a military alliance with the Soviet Union in August 1939. The German-Soviet invasion of Poland that quickly followed that September began a world war, destroyed the Polish state, and brought two million Jews under German power. For the first time, the special Einsatzgruppen were entrusted with mass murder. . .† When we put time†¦show more content†¦Businesses were set ablaze by former friends and the same devoted customers that they had happily served only hours prior. These people tell firsthand how they were cast out of their own homes while their belon gings were being tossed like garbage and their valuables distributed amongst all the attackers and people they once thought of as family. They serve as an example of how fast an entire nation of people can be swayed to do things that are hateful and immoral against their own fellow countrymen. This all resulted from a law that dictated the Jews had no rights to anything. Regardless if were pressured to do things or were motivated by self-benefit or economic reasons, each side is told in this exhibit. Every dark and guilty memory is shown through the eyes of real people. Despite the enormous amounts of graphic physical evidence there are still those who downplay the events that happened during the Holocaust. They claim the numbers of people murdered were highly exaggerated. A growing number of groups are denying the Holocaust ever occurred and are labeling it the â€Å"Holohoax†. Rather than face defeat by his newfound enemy (the United States), Hitler decided to rid himself of any evidence by any means possible. Some of the included methods were: evil scientific experiments, incineration, mass executions, gas chambers, poisoning and starvation. The Holocaust museum captures allShow MoreRelatedReligion vs. Philosophy1222 Words   |  5 PagesReligion Term Paper Philosophy and Religion An Idea is more powerful than an army (pg 14, Munroe). When first looking at the relationship between philosophy and religion, I found it easier to explain the differences rather than the similarities. I began this paper the same way I do others. This generally involves a profound amount of research on the topic at hand. However, in contrast to the other papers I have done, the definitions of philosophy and religion only raised more questions forRead MoreEssay on Interrogation of Freedom1785 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is freedom? Is freedom when a child does not have to hold the hand of their mother or father while walking across the street? Or is freedom the event that families can go to church every Sunday morning? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, freedom is defined as â€Å"the quality or state of being free as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action.† Both are occasions of freedom, but when examining liberty, it can take numerous forms depending upon the source. Read MoreRacism : Raci sm And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered to be separate phenomena in contemporary social science, the two terms have a long history of equivalence in popular usage and older social science literature. Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial. 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Galton claimed that desirable traits can be passed down through generations. Galton supported a selective breeding process for humans in his book Hereditary Genius. Eugenics, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary is â€Å"a science that tries to improve the human race by controlling which people become parents†. TheRead MorePolitical Ideologies During The Twentieth Century1310 Words   |  6 Pagesworld history demonstrated differences in ideology and the way they rise to power, however they had similarities in the methods they used to control society. The term ideology is used to refer to a system of mutually dependent ideas, principles, traditions, and gatherings. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary ideology is defined as a fairly coherent and comprehensive set of ideas that explains and evaluates social conditions, helps people understand their place in society, and provides aRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Cambodian Genocide1564 Words   |  7 PagesDon’t Smile, Don’t Laugh, Don’t Shed a Tear According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, genocide is defined as â€Å" the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political or cultural group.† When most people think of the word genocide, often the Holocaust comes to mind. What the world seems to fail to realize is that many genocides, just as tragic have and continue to occur. The Cambodian Genocide is an important event to understand and research because it is one of the lesser-knownRead MoreEssay on Resilience Concept Analysis4569 Words   |  19 Pages(Werner Smith, 1982). Other definitions stem from studies on human behavior and can be defined as the ability to overcome pain and transform the self (Greene, Galambos, Lee, 2003), or the capacity to maintain competent functioning in the face of major life stressors (Kaplan, 1996). Encarta (2007) defines resilience as the ability to spring back after being bent, stretched, or deformed. The Merriam Webster Dictionary (2008) defines it as 1: the capability of a strained body to recover its size and shapeRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles That Confirm The Importance Of Frankl s Existential Theory And Logotherapy4000 Words   |  16 Pagesgreen@lindsey.edu. Abstract This document will explore the fundamental principles that confirm the importance of Frankl’s, Existential Theory and Logotherapy. Keywords: Meaningfulness, Freedom, will (as in will power), and isolation to name a few. Holocaust survivor, Viktor Frankl, along with his mother, wife and brother, endured horrific and dehumanizing conditions while being forcefully held under NAZI supervision. On a daily basis, Frankl and his family suffered mental, physical and spiritual abusesRead MoreEssay about Cults and Their Leaders4165 Words   |  17 Pagesare powerful through psychological offenses, the people that belong to their cults are brainwashed into doing things they wouldnt normally do in their right state of mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For years, there have been problems surrounding the definition of the term cult. The literal and traditional meanings of the word cult, which are more fully explored at the entry Cult (religion), come from the Latin cultus, meaning care or adoration, as a system of religious belief or ritual; or: the body of adherents

Growth Through Going Global Free Essays

Growth Through Going Global The traditional theory of the firm is based on the short-run profit maximization. Many actions of firms may be seen to conflict with this aim and yet could be consistent with the aim of long-run profit maximization. For example, policies to increase the size of the firm or the firm’s share of the market may involve heavy advertising or low prices to the detriment of short-run profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Growth Through Going Global or any similar topic only for you Order Now But if this results in the firm becoming larger, with a bigger share of the market, the resulting economic power may enable the firm to make larger profits in the long run. In many respects, a firm’s global strategy is simply an extension of its strategy within its own domestic market. However, opening up to global markets can provide an obvious means for a business to expand its markets and spread its risks. It is also a means of reducing costs, whether through economies of scale or from accessing cheap sources of supply or low-wage production facilities. A firm’s global growth strategy may involve simply exporting or opening up factories abroad, or it may involve merging with businesses abroad or forming strategic alliances. The result is that the global business environment has tended to become more and more ompetitive. What will a growth-maximizing firm’s price and output be? Unfortunately there is no simple formula for predicting this. In the short run, the firm may choose the profit maximizing price and output – so as to provide the greatest funds for investment. On the other hand, it may be prepared to sacrifice some short-term profits in order to mount an advertising campaign. It all depends on the strategy it considers most suitable to achieve growth. In the long run, prediction is more difficult still. The policies that a firm adopts will depend crucially on the assessments of market opportunities made by managers. But this involves Judgment, not fine calculation. Different managers will Judge a situation differently. One prediction can be made. Growth-maximizing firms are likely to diversify into different products, especially as they approach the limits to expansion in existing markets. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the public interest. In the case of sales revenue maximization, a higher output will be produced than under profit maximization, but the consumers will not necessarily benefit from lower prices, since more will be spent on advertising – costs that will be passed on to the consumer. In the case of growth and long-run profit maximization, there are many possible policies that a firm could pursue. To the extent that a concern for the long run encourages firms to look to improved products, new products and new techniques, the consumer may benefit from such a concern. To the extent, however, that growth encourages a greater level of industrial concentration through merger; the consumer theory of the firm, the degree of competition a firm faces is a crucial factor in determining Just how responsive it will be to the wishes of the consumer. References: http://classofl . com/homework-help/economics-homework-help/ How to cite Growth Through Going Global, Papers

Theories of consumer behaviour

Introduction Solomon (2011) defines consumer behavior as â€Å"the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose off products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires’† (p. 41).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Theories of consumer behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studying the behavior of consumers is very important because it helps develop marketing strategies and public policies. It also promotes social marketing which is provides the marketers with adequate knowledge about the needs of consumers. Consumer behavior enhances maximum satisfaction of the needs of consumers and the development of better products (Perner, 2011). To maximize profitability is important for marketing and this can only be achieved by developing good strategies of identifying the behavior of consumers towards the products in the market. The main objective in marketing is to retain existing customers and get new ones. All business activities are supported by the good relationship with the consumers. Learning consumer behavior in both business-to-businesses marketing as well as business-to-consumer marketing is very important in improving the performance of a business (Deaton Muellbauer, 1980). Effect of culture on consumer behavior Culture affects the consumer behavior in different ways depending on the cultural background of an individual. The subjective cultures which affect a consumer are the regional, ethnic, religious, linguistic, national, professional, organizational and group cultures. Culture is composed of beliefs, values, practices and attitudes that a person or a group of people have. Culture affects the personality traits and the social norms that people have. Behavioral intentions are developed from the social norms, cultures and sub-cultures and the cognitive beliefs that people have. These will in return influence and shape the consumer behavior. It is important to mention that culture is learned from the environment in which we live in and by sharing ideas with different people (Schiffman Kanuk , 2010). Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: Schiffman Kanuk (2010). Consumer decision making model Consumers make decisions by applying a particular process to solve the problems that affect them. There are different levels of solving problems by the consumers depending on the extent of the problem. For instance, extensive problem solving requires a lot of information to solve problems. Consumers must have criteria to evaluate the problem and identify possible ways of tackling the problems affecting them (Jobber Lancaster, 2009). By the application of limited problem solving, a criterion for evaluation is selected and it is fine-tuned by collecting additional information. Routinized response behavior is experienced especially when reviewing what the consumers already know. Consumer decision making can be categorized into four views. An economic view, passive view, cognitive view and emotional view (Solomon, 2011). The external influences to the consumer decision making behavior are firm’s marketing efforts and the socio-cultural environment. The firm’s marketing efforts consist of the product, promotion, price and the channels of distribution that a particular company uses. The son the other hand, the socio-cultural environment consists of the family members, information sources, other noncommercial sources, social classes and subculture as well as culture (Solomon, 2011). The process of consumer decision making then starts when the consumer recognizes his/her needs and repurchase search is done to identify all possible alternatives. The consumer then evaluates all possible alternatives to solve the problem. The evaluation process will be determi ned by the experience that the consumer or other people have concerning the products.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Theories of consumer behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The evaluation process will be affected by the psychological field which is composed of motivation, perception, learning, personality and attitudes towards the products in the market (Solomon, 2011). The consumer makes a decision to purchase a specific product in the market after careful evaluation. The post-decision behavior will determine whether the consumer will re-purchase the same product. The first purchase is a trial to test whether the product can satisfy the needs that the consumer has. The post-purchase evaluation is done when the product has satisfied the consumer in the first place. The experience that the consumer generates from using the product determines the loyalty that will be developed by the consumer towards the product. This process is summarized in the figure below (Solomon, 2011). Source: Solomon (2011). Consumer research process This process starts when a marketer identifies a particular product to sell to a specific group of people. The initial stage starts with segmenting the market, followed by targeting the specific segments to deal with and positioning the products in the segments selected to ensure the consumers are captured (Mullen Johnson, 1990). Segmentation Market segmentation is the process of identifying different market groups with similar characteristics and delivering products to these groups depending on these characteristics. Marketers study the consumer behavior of people in a given field and they group consumers with particular needs together and develop marketing strategies for each group.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Market segmentation helps marketers to deliver products according to specific needs for all consumer groups. Marketers are able to tune their marketing strategies to capture the demand for their products from those particular individuals who may have an interest in such products (Solomon, 2011). For example, it would be unwise to develop marketing strategies for selling hairspray to bald-headed individuals as explained in the diagram below: Source: Solomon (2011). Consumers have different needs depending on their income levels, culture, political systems, religion, geographic location and other features that can be used to distinguish them. Delivering products by use of the same approach may fail because consumer groups have different needs and they require these needs satisfied in a unique manner. A company that segments its market offers the same product to different consumer groups using different strategies to ensure that the needs of all the consumers are satisfied (Sandhusen, 2000). An example of market segmentation is a case of Toyota Company. The company has segmented its market depending on the income groups and regional location of all consumer groups. The company manufactures automobile products and markets these products are marketed to customers depending on their income capacity (Perner, 2011). Targeting Market targeting is the process of identifying specific markets to sell products. It involves identifying the characteristics of the various markets and all consumer groups. Marketers then manufacture products which are focused on the specific needs of the consumer groups (Sandhusen, 2000). Marketers have the obligation to satisfy the needs of their target customers by providing the best products and services. This will compel any competitor from dominating the market. On the other hand, marketers should improve the wellbeing of the people consuming their products and the society in which they are operating. This should be achieved while achievi ng the objectives and goals of the organization (Ferrell Hartline, 2008). There are several factors that marketers should consider when targeting a specific market segment. For instance, how well a particular segment served by other companies in the market, the size of the market segment and the potential for growth in the particular market segment (McDonald Dunbar, 2004). An example of market targeting is evident in the activities of Apple Inc. The company manufactures computer hardware and software products. In the recent past the company has started to manufacture electronics to venture into market segments with different needs. The company has realized that the young generation requires unique products and this can only be achieved by delivering products which target this group of customers. Apple Inc has introduced the iPod, iMovie among other products targeting the young generation (Perner, 2011). Positioning Positioning is the process of delivering products to the right con sumer groups at the right time in the right manner. Companies position their products in the market to ensure that the consumers can get access to the products more easily. To improve the performance of a company in the market, the products should be positioned in a peculiar way to ensure that customers are not attracted by products from competitors. In a competitive market all companies aim at getting a strategic market position to ensure their products attract as many customers as possible (Sandhusen, 2000). An example of market positioning is experienced by the holiday and leisure products. Such products are located near leisure zones and they are mostly marketed during holiday seasons. Another example is the automobile industry; companies in the industry have made a lot of effort to ensure that they position their products in a unique manner (Horner Swarbrooke, 2005). Another example is found in the case of Apple Inc. The company has positioned itself in the market by developin g the concept of user-friendly products for all its products. The company promotes its products by developing the concept of consumer-friendly products for the software, hardware and electronic products that the company manufactures (Perner, 2011). Marketing strategies Marketing strategies are the various policies that companies use to deliver their products to the consumers to ensure they fulfill the demand for their products. Companies have strategies that are established to promote the marketing process and to improve the performance and competitiveness of a company in the market. Strategies provide a guideline for the marketers to use when implementing their objectives and provide a good foundation for improving the competitiveness of a company in the market (Sandhusen, 2000). An example of a marketing strategy is a policy that is created by Apple Inc to apply online marketing. This strategy was applied to increase the sales of the company by targeting more consumer groups and i mproving the procedures of marketing the products of the company. Ethical issues Ethical issues have been of great concern in the marketing processes because there are many stakeholders affected by marketing activities. Artificial needs are created when marketing activities are done and this causes a lot of questions about the ethical standards. For instance, advertising products causes materialism to prevail in the market and this affects the ethical standards of the consumers. Some of the ethical questions that marketers encounter are: whether the products’ design can meet the existing needs of the consumers, whether the advertising process helps communicate the availability of the products in the market and many other questions. In addition, there have been many ethical questions about the importance of advertising and marketing processes (Schlegelmilch, 1998). Examples of ethical issues being experienced in marketing processes today are marketing products to children. Thi s has been criticized as a method of exploitative targeting and ethical standards have been of great concern to many stakeholders. Food marketing to children has been found to cause obesity. Children are influenced to consume certain products which are not healthy to their lifestyle and this has caused the prevalence of childhood diseases such as obesity. Various stakeholders have been concerned about the introduction of legislation to regulate consumption behavior of young people in the society. Another example relates to sale of pharmaceutical products direct to consumers. This has raised a lot of concern about the ethical standards because consumers have misused drugs due to aggressive advertising by these companies (Schiffman, Kanuk, 2010). Forced exposure to advertising has been of great concern and this has caused a lot of concern about the ethical position of the advertising companies. Marketers have also influenced consumers to change their perception about products in the market as a strategy to increase consumption. False and misleading advertising has been experienced in the markets today and this has been of great concern about the ethical backgrounds of the advertising companies. There are other socially undesirable representations done by marketers and this causes a lot of concern about the ethical standards of the companies marketing their products (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010). To enhance ethical standards among the marketers, companies have introduced some measures to improve the welfare of the consumers and other stakeholders. Some of these measures are social responsibilities which have been done to improve the image of companies (Peter Olson, 2009). This has been done by advocating socially beneficial causes to promote the welfare of the communities which support companies in their business endeavors. Green marketing has also been adopted to promote the use of healthy, reusable and eco-friendly products. Companies have also promoted consumer e thics by encouraging people to recycle used products, returning used products and encouraging software privacy (Schiffman Kanuk , 2010). Motivation process model Consumer motivation is an important process because it enhances buying process. Motivation starts with unfulfilled needs, wants and desires that consumers have. This causes tension and a drive to achieve the needs is developed. This process is affected by the personality, perception, learning process and attitudes of the consumers towards the products and the organization marketing such products. A specific behavior is developed by consumers once they start realizing their needs and this behavior is directed towards fulfilling the needs. Once the consumers identify the specific products that can fulfill their needs they get satisfaction and the tension is reduced. This is a cyclic process because new needs and wants arise on the daily lives of people (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010). Source: Schiffman Kanuk (2010). The observati on made from the above diagram is that consumers follow a specific model from the time they realize that they have a particular need to the time they start consuming the products. Consumer needs may be categorized as innate or acquired. Innate needs are biogenic and they become the basic needs in human life for example, the need to eat, cloth and shelter. Acquired needs are developed from the cultural and environmental systems and these are usually secondary in nature for example, the need to own a dream car (Mowen Minor, 2001). On the other hand, goals are grouped into generic and product specific goals. Generic goals are developed by consumers to fulfill their needs whereas product specific goals are acquired from the brands of products and services in the market (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010). An example of a motivation model is a case where an individual has the need to purchase a dream car. The drive to own a car is developed from the people that person socialize with and the financ ial class. This drive emanates from the need and desire to own the car and the individual will behave in a particular manner to ensure the desire is fulfilled. Consumer values Consumer values are enhanced by the cultural background, family influences, media, peer pressure and religious beliefs. Identifying the specific values that consumers uphold is very important in developing the consumer behavior of specific people. Values that a person has will determine the kind of product s/he consumes and marketers should be very accurate especially when segmenting, targeting and positioning their products in the market (Mooij Mooij, 2010). It is important to note that consumers never fully satisfy their needs because new needs arise after the satisfaction of old needs. When goals are achieved people set new goals which are higher than the previous ones. The need to achieve goals is aroused by the emotions, physiological, cognitive and environmental factors (Mooij Mooij, 2010). Psychologic al needs Theories on consumer decision-making vary according to assumptions regarding the nature of human behavior. A comparison of the economic, passive, cognitive and emotional models of consumer decision-making shows that all consumers behave in a particular manner when making their purchase decision. Consumers develop psychological needs when they identify certain products in the market. They are motivated to purchase such products when they get people to provide adequate information about such products. Motivation also emanates from observation about usage of the products by other people in the market. When consumers are satisfied by particular products they develop the need to re-purchase the products and this causes consumer loyalty to develop (Perner, 2011). The perception of consumers towards certain products affects their ability to purchase. Perception refers to the image developed by customers for certain products and this is causes the consumers to purchase and continue using products from a certain company. Perception is developed from past experiences that consumers have concerning certain products in the market. Marketers have a duty to change the perception of the consumers by actively promoting the products to consumers to create awareness about the importance of the products and to remove the negative attitude they have developed (Perner, 2011). Attitude is developed by consumers depending on the cultural background, exposure of the customers to similar products, and the approach applied by the company. When customers develop a bad attitude about the products in the market it becomes challenging to reverse the trend. Active campaigns are required to remove the negative attitudes that consumers have towards the products in the market (Perner, 2011). The model of passive view requires that marketers should train the consumers to overcome the fears and tension about using products. This can be done by pestering a positive attitude towards the p roducts in the market and changing negative perception about products offered in the market. Behavior change is made by introducing new cultures for the consumers. Cultural change can only be done by liaising with all the stakeholders of the company and the community to ensure that the consumers are ready to develop positive attitudes towards the products in the market (Perner, 2011). A contrast of the economic, passive, cognitive and emotional models of consumer decision making provides that shows that people have different emotional characteristics and this will determine their purchase behaviors. The economic class of a person also will determine the decision making process and the theories developed may be not true. People behave differently and their decision making process will be determined by the environment and the experiences they have had in the past about the products (Perner, 2011). Home ownership is an example of psychological need that many people have and this has mo tivated many people to seek information about mortgage plans and other schemes which can enable them own a home before they retire from employment. The desire is shaped by the economic, passive, cognitive and emotional models of consumer decision making. Culture has also played a key role in the development of the need to own a home before a person retires. It is a culture that every person earning some income should be able to provide shelter for the family. This culture has shaped the decision making of people and as such people have developed a savings habit to purchase such products. Conclusion Consumer behavior is an integral part of marketing processes adopted by any company. Marketers must identify the culture, behavior and all aspects of their consumers so that they can maintain a competitive position in the market. Additionally, the proper channels of introducing products in the market should be followed to enhance quick acceptance and adoption of products. Therefore, marke ters should apply the process of segmentation, targeting and positioning to ensure the customers become loyal to their products. This process should coincide with the decision making process by the consumers to ensure potential consumers are attracted while the existing ones are retained. List of references Deaton, A. Muellbauer, J. (1980). Economics and consumer behavior. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Ferrell, O. C. Hartline, M. D. (2008). Marketing Strategy. Cengage Learning. Horner, S. Swarbrooke, J. (2005). Leisure marketing: a global perspective. 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