The Service Encounter Diaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The Service Encounter Diaries - Essay Example This struck me as poor client assistance for an eventual client. 7: The store and the nature of client assistance could have been improved in two different ways. The first would be for the representatives to offer their immediate help paying little mind to the errand they may have been on. The second would be for the worker to apologize that he/she can't help and offer to discover another person. 3: While in line, I saw that of the three representatives at the front work area looking out for clients, just 2 of them were working. The other was clearly signed into her work station however she was not taking clients. Despite the fact that different representatives that were serving clients were amiable and to some degree happy, the morose demeanor on the substance of the non-working worker made one speculate that she was either simply sitting around or taking a break in an unseemly territory. 4: My response was somewhat obvious. I left the mail station with the acknowledgment that the principle reason individuals have a terrible desire for administration doesn't have to do with the way that there are not happy and dedicated individuals there, yet the way that a couple of apathetic, wasteful, or irate representatives ruins the whole experience. 7: The bleeding edge director ought to guarantee that those people who are entrusted with welcome or communicating with clients must keep up an exceptionally significant level of polished methodology and a decent hard working attitude. On the off chance that they can't meet these, at that point they ought to be put in another territory, reassigned or ended. 3: Upon moving toward the work area and clarifying the circumstance, the client care agent looked disappointed and revealed to me that they don't deal with any charging issues at their office and just can acknowledge installments or set up new plans. 7: The people at the store could profit by offering the client options since they don't deal with charging issues; just pardoning themselves

Othello Shakespeares Most Tragic Play Essay Example For Students

Othello: Shakespeares Most Tragic Play Essay Othello: Shakespeares Most Tragic PlayWilliam Shakespeare have composed numerous plays. His most sad play is Othello. Othello is additionally the name of the principle character in the play, he is very hard tounderstand. So as to have a superior comprehension of Othellos character,examining his progressions all through the play, blemishes and why he is considered atragic legend will give the peruser an understanding of his general character. Othello changes commonly over the span of the play. At thebeginning of the play Othello trusts Desdemona with all the fixings, yet throughoutthe play he loses positive about her since he tunes in to Iagos suggestionsabout her. Cassio, my ruler? No, definite, I can't think it That he would sneakaway so blameworthy like, Seeing you come.' (Shakespeare 105). He shows disrespectto Desdemona before others. Fallen angel he strikes her I have notdeserved this.' (141). Othello changes considerably more significantly in view of thepoison recommendations that Iago has given him. He runs wild andeventually murders Desdemona imagining that she has accomplished something incorrectly. Othello has numerous shocking defects. He is an extremely simple individual, forexample he was deceived by Iago; feeling that Desdemona was truly having anaffair with Cassio. Did he admit it?' (134). He confides in Iago too muchand thoroughly depends on Iago in this way making him extremely helpless against Iagosevilish plans. Othellos guilelessness makes him be desirous. He lets hisjealousy assume control over, he looses control of himself and follows up on his jealousemotions, he lets his envy mess his brain and practical insight. Damn her,lewd minx! O, damn her, damn her! Come go with me part. I will pull back Tofurnish me with some quick methods for death. For the reasonable villain. Presently are the mylieutenant' (122). Othellos other blemish is his resentment. Othello follows up on hisanger and in this manner winds up doing the things he laments a short time later. It is toolate. O Lord, O Lord, Lord! he covers her(168). Thusly by examiningthose focuses Othello has numerous te rrible blemishes in him. Othello is viewed as an appalling legend since he battles for the individuals inVenice in Cyprus. The Turk with a most powerful arrangement makes for Cyprus. Othello, the courage of the spot is most popular to you. (70). He islooked upon as a legend by the Duke of Venice. The Duke acclaims Othello for hisabilities and achievements. He is viewed as heartbreaking in light of the fact that he hasfallen in to the snare of Iago. Additionally Othello winds up executing Desdemona and thencommits self destruction for the unjust killing of his significant other. I took by ththroatthe circumcised hound And destroyed him subsequently. He cuts himself (180). The moorkills himself since he assumes liability for what he did, which makes himthe grievous saint. Othello is viewed as the most heartbreaking Shakespeare play. Othello is acharacter of numerous prospects. His character is very captivating, the changeshe experiences, the blemishes among him and why he is viewed as a heartbreaking herogives us a definite clarification of Othello as a general individual.

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas Things to Do on Christmas Day Home›Tips for Students›Things to Do on Christmas Day Tips for StudentsDecember is a special month; it brings the feeling of a holiday and everything starts buzzing in Christmas preparations.  From all around, you can hear about sparkling family traditions, different gatherings and the spirit of unity.  So you get a bit of a Grinch mood when anticipating that this Christmas you will spend on your own. There are plenty of reasons that spoil your holiday; the hint is not to fall for them.When you’re alone at Christmas If there is a chance to take control over your depressive circumstances, go for it! Rearrange your Christmas and enjoy your time. It’s much better than hibernating the whole month, trust me. You don’t have to perform feats to make your Christmas bright and enjoyable. Take small steps to create your holiday atmosphere.First of all, put some decorations to give a feeling of Christmas. At least, do something small like a tiny Christma s tree on your desk or a glowing garland above your bed. Even these simple details will involve you in the celebration. Don’t let yourself being excluded from Christmas this year.Get rid of the dreadful feeling when everyone’s celebrating except you. Make a plan, think of the special activities, maybe, find some alternatives to Christmas clichés. It must be something exciting for you. Bonus: you don’t have to avoid “What are you doing this Christmas?” question anymore.Whatever homebody you are, don’t spend all day alone. Find a company to celebrate with. Call your friends, visit your family, host a dinner, become a Christmas volunteer. People around will certainly make your day by simply saying “Merry Christmas!”Take your time to gather thoughts. If you really have a sad reason not to celebrate this year, don’t pretend to be happy. Think of your life, of the past year, of the meaning of Christmas. This holiday bears hope. This is the day when Jesus was born. He ca me to this world to become our redeemer, and He certainly knows how to overcome difficulties.This season I wish you to be happy. You have a chance to start over!

Revision Of The Critique Of Hardin’S “Lifeboat Ethics”

Revision of the Critique of Hardin’s â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics†: The Case against Helping the Poor Garrett Hardin was a controversial ecologist who believed that overpopulation was going to bring a downfall to a world of limited resources. Each nation was compared to a lifeboat with the rich being inside the boat and the poor in the water, drowning (Hardin, 561). He wrote the â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics† in 1974 when Ethiopia was having a starvation problem. Hardin’s opinion about the situation was that sending aid to Ethiopia was only making the problem worse and by feeding the people would aid overpopulation; the root to the problem. Hardin’s thesis developed from the notion that the rich should do nothing to help the poor. He believed that one†¦show more content†¦He believed this led to ratchet system. In other words, the food aid sent to poor countries would prevent the famine from decreasing the numbers in the population and preventing the famine from making the population more manageable. In nature, over-population is self-correcting through famine and disease; therefore a lot of suffering in the process. Our efforts to stop the suffering is what breaks the natural cycle (Hardin). This was the most controversial point made by Hardin. Hardin’s third point was clearly made, â€Å"shutting the door† on allowing immigrants to come to other nations is another way to solve overpopulation. He believed the resources in a nation belonged to the natives of the nation and therefore should not go to those that immigrate into the nation. Hardin’s thoughts on this point was that allowing immigrants to come into America would cause America to go deeper into poverty. Finally, Hardin’s last point was to draw the line that would prevent other immigrants from coming into our nation at this point. Hardin’s thought is that we can’t remove the immigrants that are already here, but an imag inary line can be drawn to prevent more immigrants from coming into the nation and this will continue to create more overpopulating. With considering all the points made by Hardin, it is clear that his purpose for writing â€Å"Lifeboat of Ethics† was to inform and educate society on the detrimental effects

The Term Holocaust Is Defined By Merriam-Websters Dictionary

The term holocaust is defined by Merriam-Websters Dictionary as great destruction of life, esp. by fire and the Holocaust as the killing of millions of European Jews by the Nazis. This horrific crime is one of the most highly documented genocides of the 20th century. In an article for the Contemporary European History journal titled The Causes of the Holocaust, author Timothy Snyder writes, â€Å". . . Hitler sealed a military alliance with the Soviet Union in August 1939. The German-Soviet invasion of Poland that quickly followed that September began a world war, destroyed the Polish state, and brought two million Jews under German power. For the first time, the special Einsatzgruppen were entrusted with mass murder. . .† When we put time†¦show more content†¦Businesses were set ablaze by former friends and the same devoted customers that they had happily served only hours prior. These people tell firsthand how they were cast out of their own homes while their belon gings were being tossed like garbage and their valuables distributed amongst all the attackers and people they once thought of as family. They serve as an example of how fast an entire nation of people can be swayed to do things that are hateful and immoral against their own fellow countrymen. This all resulted from a law that dictated the Jews had no rights to anything. Regardless if were pressured to do things or were motivated by self-benefit or economic reasons, each side is told in this exhibit. Every dark and guilty memory is shown through the eyes of real people. Despite the enormous amounts of graphic physical evidence there are still those who downplay the events that happened during the Holocaust. They claim the numbers of people murdered were highly exaggerated. A growing number of groups are denying the Holocaust ever occurred and are labeling it the â€Å"Holohoax†. Rather than face defeat by his newfound enemy (the United States), Hitler decided to rid himself of any evidence by any means possible. Some of the included methods were: evil scientific experiments, incineration, mass executions, gas chambers, poisoning and starvation. The Holocaust museum captures allShow MoreRelatedReligion vs. Philosophy1222 Words   |  5 PagesReligion Term Paper Philosophy and Religion An Idea is more powerful than an army (pg 14, Munroe). When first looking at the relationship between philosophy and religion, I found it easier to explain the differences rather than the similarities. I began this paper the same way I do others. This generally involves a profound amount of research on the topic at hand. However, in contrast to the other papers I have done, the definitions of philosophy and religion only raised more questions forRead MoreEssay on Interrogation of Freedom1785 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is freedom? Is freedom when a child does not have to hold the hand of their mother or father while walking across the street? Or is freedom the event that families can go to church every Sunday morning? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, freedom is defined as â€Å"the quality or state of being free as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action.† Both are occasions of freedom, but when examining liberty, it can take numerous forms depending upon the source. Read MoreRacism : Raci sm And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered to be separate phenomena in contemporary social science, the two terms have a long history of equivalence in popular usage and older social science literature. Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial. 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Galton claimed that desirable traits can be passed down through generations. Galton supported a selective breeding process for humans in his book Hereditary Genius. Eugenics, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary is â€Å"a science that tries to improve the human race by controlling which people become parents†. TheRead MorePolitical Ideologies During The Twentieth Century1310 Words   |  6 Pagesworld history demonstrated differences in ideology and the way they rise to power, however they had similarities in the methods they used to control society. The term ideology is used to refer to a system of mutually dependent ideas, principles, traditions, and gatherings. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary ideology is defined as a fairly coherent and comprehensive set of ideas that explains and evaluates social conditions, helps people understand their place in society, and provides aRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Cambodian Genocide1564 Words   |  7 PagesDon’t Smile, Don’t Laugh, Don’t Shed a Tear According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, genocide is defined as â€Å" the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political or cultural group.† When most people think of the word genocide, often the Holocaust comes to mind. What the world seems to fail to realize is that many genocides, just as tragic have and continue to occur. The Cambodian Genocide is an important event to understand and research because it is one of the lesser-knownRead MoreEssay on Resilience Concept Analysis4569 Words   |  19 Pages(Werner Smith, 1982). Other definitions stem from studies on human behavior and can be defined as the ability to overcome pain and transform the self (Greene, Galambos, Lee, 2003), or the capacity to maintain competent functioning in the face of major life stressors (Kaplan, 1996). Encarta (2007) defines resilience as the ability to spring back after being bent, stretched, or deformed. The Merriam Webster Dictionary (2008) defines it as 1: the capability of a strained body to recover its size and shapeRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles That Confirm The Importance Of Frankl s Existential Theory And Logotherapy4000 Words   |  16 Pagesgreen@lindsey.edu. Abstract This document will explore the fundamental principles that confirm the importance of Frankl’s, Existential Theory and Logotherapy. Keywords: Meaningfulness, Freedom, will (as in will power), and isolation to name a few. Holocaust survivor, Viktor Frankl, along with his mother, wife and brother, endured horrific and dehumanizing conditions while being forcefully held under NAZI supervision. On a daily basis, Frankl and his family suffered mental, physical and spiritual abusesRead MoreEssay about Cults and Their Leaders4165 Words   |  17 Pagesare powerful through psychological offenses, the people that belong to their cults are brainwashed into doing things they wouldnt normally do in their right state of mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For years, there have been problems surrounding the definition of the term cult. The literal and traditional meanings of the word cult, which are more fully explored at the entry Cult (religion), come from the Latin cultus, meaning care or adoration, as a system of religious belief or ritual; or: the body of adherents

Growth Through Going Global Free Essays

Growth Through Going Global The traditional theory of the firm is based on the short-run profit maximization. Many actions of firms may be seen to conflict with this aim and yet could be consistent with the aim of long-run profit maximization. For example, policies to increase the size of the firm or the firm’s share of the market may involve heavy advertising or low prices to the detriment of short-run profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Growth Through Going Global or any similar topic only for you Order Now But if this results in the firm becoming larger, with a bigger share of the market, the resulting economic power may enable the firm to make larger profits in the long run. In many respects, a firm’s global strategy is simply an extension of its strategy within its own domestic market. However, opening up to global markets can provide an obvious means for a business to expand its markets and spread its risks. It is also a means of reducing costs, whether through economies of scale or from accessing cheap sources of supply or low-wage production facilities. A firm’s global growth strategy may involve simply exporting or opening up factories abroad, or it may involve merging with businesses abroad or forming strategic alliances. The result is that the global business environment has tended to become more and more ompetitive. What will a growth-maximizing firm’s price and output be? Unfortunately there is no simple formula for predicting this. In the short run, the firm may choose the profit maximizing price and output – so as to provide the greatest funds for investment. On the other hand, it may be prepared to sacrifice some short-term profits in order to mount an advertising campaign. It all depends on the strategy it considers most suitable to achieve growth. In the long run, prediction is more difficult still. The policies that a firm adopts will depend crucially on the assessments of market opportunities made by managers. But this involves Judgment, not fine calculation. Different managers will Judge a situation differently. One prediction can be made. Growth-maximizing firms are likely to diversify into different products, especially as they approach the limits to expansion in existing markets. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the public interest. In the case of sales revenue maximization, a higher output will be produced than under profit maximization, but the consumers will not necessarily benefit from lower prices, since more will be spent on advertising – costs that will be passed on to the consumer. In the case of growth and long-run profit maximization, there are many possible policies that a firm could pursue. To the extent that a concern for the long run encourages firms to look to improved products, new products and new techniques, the consumer may benefit from such a concern. To the extent, however, that growth encourages a greater level of industrial concentration through merger; the consumer theory of the firm, the degree of competition a firm faces is a crucial factor in determining Just how responsive it will be to the wishes of the consumer. References: http://classofl . com/homework-help/economics-homework-help/ How to cite Growth Through Going Global, Papers

Theories of consumer behaviour

Introduction Solomon (2011) defines consumer behavior as â€Å"the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose off products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires’† (p. 41).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Theories of consumer behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studying the behavior of consumers is very important because it helps develop marketing strategies and public policies. It also promotes social marketing which is provides the marketers with adequate knowledge about the needs of consumers. Consumer behavior enhances maximum satisfaction of the needs of consumers and the development of better products (Perner, 2011). To maximize profitability is important for marketing and this can only be achieved by developing good strategies of identifying the behavior of consumers towards the products in the market. The main objective in marketing is to retain existing customers and get new ones. All business activities are supported by the good relationship with the consumers. Learning consumer behavior in both business-to-businesses marketing as well as business-to-consumer marketing is very important in improving the performance of a business (Deaton Muellbauer, 1980). Effect of culture on consumer behavior Culture affects the consumer behavior in different ways depending on the cultural background of an individual. The subjective cultures which affect a consumer are the regional, ethnic, religious, linguistic, national, professional, organizational and group cultures. Culture is composed of beliefs, values, practices and attitudes that a person or a group of people have. Culture affects the personality traits and the social norms that people have. Behavioral intentions are developed from the social norms, cultures and sub-cultures and the cognitive beliefs that people have. These will in return influence and shape the consumer behavior. It is important to mention that culture is learned from the environment in which we live in and by sharing ideas with different people (Schiffman Kanuk , 2010). Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: Schiffman Kanuk (2010). Consumer decision making model Consumers make decisions by applying a particular process to solve the problems that affect them. There are different levels of solving problems by the consumers depending on the extent of the problem. For instance, extensive problem solving requires a lot of information to solve problems. Consumers must have criteria to evaluate the problem and identify possible ways of tackling the problems affecting them (Jobber Lancaster, 2009). By the application of limited problem solving, a criterion for evaluation is selected and it is fine-tuned by collecting additional information. Routinized response behavior is experienced especially when reviewing what the consumers already know. Consumer decision making can be categorized into four views. An economic view, passive view, cognitive view and emotional view (Solomon, 2011). The external influences to the consumer decision making behavior are firm’s marketing efforts and the socio-cultural environment. The firm’s marketing efforts consist of the product, promotion, price and the channels of distribution that a particular company uses. The son the other hand, the socio-cultural environment consists of the family members, information sources, other noncommercial sources, social classes and subculture as well as culture (Solomon, 2011). The process of consumer decision making then starts when the consumer recognizes his/her needs and repurchase search is done to identify all possible alternatives. The consumer then evaluates all possible alternatives to solve the problem. The evaluation process will be determi ned by the experience that the consumer or other people have concerning the products.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Theories of consumer behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The evaluation process will be affected by the psychological field which is composed of motivation, perception, learning, personality and attitudes towards the products in the market (Solomon, 2011). The consumer makes a decision to purchase a specific product in the market after careful evaluation. The post-decision behavior will determine whether the consumer will re-purchase the same product. The first purchase is a trial to test whether the product can satisfy the needs that the consumer has. The post-purchase evaluation is done when the product has satisfied the consumer in the first place. The experience that the consumer generates from using the product determines the loyalty that will be developed by the consumer towards the product. This process is summarized in the figure below (Solomon, 2011). Source: Solomon (2011). Consumer research process This process starts when a marketer identifies a particular product to sell to a specific group of people. The initial stage starts with segmenting the market, followed by targeting the specific segments to deal with and positioning the products in the segments selected to ensure the consumers are captured (Mullen Johnson, 1990). Segmentation Market segmentation is the process of identifying different market groups with similar characteristics and delivering products to these groups depending on these characteristics. Marketers study the consumer behavior of people in a given field and they group consumers with particular needs together and develop marketing strategies for each group.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Market segmentation helps marketers to deliver products according to specific needs for all consumer groups. Marketers are able to tune their marketing strategies to capture the demand for their products from those particular individuals who may have an interest in such products (Solomon, 2011). For example, it would be unwise to develop marketing strategies for selling hairspray to bald-headed individuals as explained in the diagram below: Source: Solomon (2011). Consumers have different needs depending on their income levels, culture, political systems, religion, geographic location and other features that can be used to distinguish them. Delivering products by use of the same approach may fail because consumer groups have different needs and they require these needs satisfied in a unique manner. A company that segments its market offers the same product to different consumer groups using different strategies to ensure that the needs of all the consumers are satisfied (Sandhusen, 2000). An example of market segmentation is a case of Toyota Company. The company has segmented its market depending on the income groups and regional location of all consumer groups. The company manufactures automobile products and markets these products are marketed to customers depending on their income capacity (Perner, 2011). Targeting Market targeting is the process of identifying specific markets to sell products. It involves identifying the characteristics of the various markets and all consumer groups. Marketers then manufacture products which are focused on the specific needs of the consumer groups (Sandhusen, 2000). Marketers have the obligation to satisfy the needs of their target customers by providing the best products and services. This will compel any competitor from dominating the market. On the other hand, marketers should improve the wellbeing of the people consuming their products and the society in which they are operating. This should be achieved while achievi ng the objectives and goals of the organization (Ferrell Hartline, 2008). There are several factors that marketers should consider when targeting a specific market segment. For instance, how well a particular segment served by other companies in the market, the size of the market segment and the potential for growth in the particular market segment (McDonald Dunbar, 2004). An example of market targeting is evident in the activities of Apple Inc. The company manufactures computer hardware and software products. In the recent past the company has started to manufacture electronics to venture into market segments with different needs. The company has realized that the young generation requires unique products and this can only be achieved by delivering products which target this group of customers. Apple Inc has introduced the iPod, iMovie among other products targeting the young generation (Perner, 2011). Positioning Positioning is the process of delivering products to the right con sumer groups at the right time in the right manner. Companies position their products in the market to ensure that the consumers can get access to the products more easily. To improve the performance of a company in the market, the products should be positioned in a peculiar way to ensure that customers are not attracted by products from competitors. In a competitive market all companies aim at getting a strategic market position to ensure their products attract as many customers as possible (Sandhusen, 2000). An example of market positioning is experienced by the holiday and leisure products. Such products are located near leisure zones and they are mostly marketed during holiday seasons. Another example is the automobile industry; companies in the industry have made a lot of effort to ensure that they position their products in a unique manner (Horner Swarbrooke, 2005). Another example is found in the case of Apple Inc. The company has positioned itself in the market by developin g the concept of user-friendly products for all its products. The company promotes its products by developing the concept of consumer-friendly products for the software, hardware and electronic products that the company manufactures (Perner, 2011). Marketing strategies Marketing strategies are the various policies that companies use to deliver their products to the consumers to ensure they fulfill the demand for their products. Companies have strategies that are established to promote the marketing process and to improve the performance and competitiveness of a company in the market. Strategies provide a guideline for the marketers to use when implementing their objectives and provide a good foundation for improving the competitiveness of a company in the market (Sandhusen, 2000). An example of a marketing strategy is a policy that is created by Apple Inc to apply online marketing. This strategy was applied to increase the sales of the company by targeting more consumer groups and i mproving the procedures of marketing the products of the company. Ethical issues Ethical issues have been of great concern in the marketing processes because there are many stakeholders affected by marketing activities. Artificial needs are created when marketing activities are done and this causes a lot of questions about the ethical standards. For instance, advertising products causes materialism to prevail in the market and this affects the ethical standards of the consumers. Some of the ethical questions that marketers encounter are: whether the products’ design can meet the existing needs of the consumers, whether the advertising process helps communicate the availability of the products in the market and many other questions. In addition, there have been many ethical questions about the importance of advertising and marketing processes (Schlegelmilch, 1998). Examples of ethical issues being experienced in marketing processes today are marketing products to children. Thi s has been criticized as a method of exploitative targeting and ethical standards have been of great concern to many stakeholders. Food marketing to children has been found to cause obesity. Children are influenced to consume certain products which are not healthy to their lifestyle and this has caused the prevalence of childhood diseases such as obesity. Various stakeholders have been concerned about the introduction of legislation to regulate consumption behavior of young people in the society. Another example relates to sale of pharmaceutical products direct to consumers. This has raised a lot of concern about the ethical standards because consumers have misused drugs due to aggressive advertising by these companies (Schiffman, Kanuk, 2010). Forced exposure to advertising has been of great concern and this has caused a lot of concern about the ethical position of the advertising companies. Marketers have also influenced consumers to change their perception about products in the market as a strategy to increase consumption. False and misleading advertising has been experienced in the markets today and this has been of great concern about the ethical backgrounds of the advertising companies. There are other socially undesirable representations done by marketers and this causes a lot of concern about the ethical standards of the companies marketing their products (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010). To enhance ethical standards among the marketers, companies have introduced some measures to improve the welfare of the consumers and other stakeholders. Some of these measures are social responsibilities which have been done to improve the image of companies (Peter Olson, 2009). This has been done by advocating socially beneficial causes to promote the welfare of the communities which support companies in their business endeavors. Green marketing has also been adopted to promote the use of healthy, reusable and eco-friendly products. Companies have also promoted consumer e thics by encouraging people to recycle used products, returning used products and encouraging software privacy (Schiffman Kanuk , 2010). Motivation process model Consumer motivation is an important process because it enhances buying process. Motivation starts with unfulfilled needs, wants and desires that consumers have. This causes tension and a drive to achieve the needs is developed. This process is affected by the personality, perception, learning process and attitudes of the consumers towards the products and the organization marketing such products. A specific behavior is developed by consumers once they start realizing their needs and this behavior is directed towards fulfilling the needs. Once the consumers identify the specific products that can fulfill their needs they get satisfaction and the tension is reduced. This is a cyclic process because new needs and wants arise on the daily lives of people (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010). Source: Schiffman Kanuk (2010). The observati on made from the above diagram is that consumers follow a specific model from the time they realize that they have a particular need to the time they start consuming the products. Consumer needs may be categorized as innate or acquired. Innate needs are biogenic and they become the basic needs in human life for example, the need to eat, cloth and shelter. Acquired needs are developed from the cultural and environmental systems and these are usually secondary in nature for example, the need to own a dream car (Mowen Minor, 2001). On the other hand, goals are grouped into generic and product specific goals. Generic goals are developed by consumers to fulfill their needs whereas product specific goals are acquired from the brands of products and services in the market (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010). An example of a motivation model is a case where an individual has the need to purchase a dream car. The drive to own a car is developed from the people that person socialize with and the financ ial class. This drive emanates from the need and desire to own the car and the individual will behave in a particular manner to ensure the desire is fulfilled. Consumer values Consumer values are enhanced by the cultural background, family influences, media, peer pressure and religious beliefs. Identifying the specific values that consumers uphold is very important in developing the consumer behavior of specific people. Values that a person has will determine the kind of product s/he consumes and marketers should be very accurate especially when segmenting, targeting and positioning their products in the market (Mooij Mooij, 2010). It is important to note that consumers never fully satisfy their needs because new needs arise after the satisfaction of old needs. When goals are achieved people set new goals which are higher than the previous ones. The need to achieve goals is aroused by the emotions, physiological, cognitive and environmental factors (Mooij Mooij, 2010). Psychologic al needs Theories on consumer decision-making vary according to assumptions regarding the nature of human behavior. A comparison of the economic, passive, cognitive and emotional models of consumer decision-making shows that all consumers behave in a particular manner when making their purchase decision. Consumers develop psychological needs when they identify certain products in the market. They are motivated to purchase such products when they get people to provide adequate information about such products. Motivation also emanates from observation about usage of the products by other people in the market. When consumers are satisfied by particular products they develop the need to re-purchase the products and this causes consumer loyalty to develop (Perner, 2011). The perception of consumers towards certain products affects their ability to purchase. Perception refers to the image developed by customers for certain products and this is causes the consumers to purchase and continue using products from a certain company. Perception is developed from past experiences that consumers have concerning certain products in the market. Marketers have a duty to change the perception of the consumers by actively promoting the products to consumers to create awareness about the importance of the products and to remove the negative attitude they have developed (Perner, 2011). Attitude is developed by consumers depending on the cultural background, exposure of the customers to similar products, and the approach applied by the company. When customers develop a bad attitude about the products in the market it becomes challenging to reverse the trend. Active campaigns are required to remove the negative attitudes that consumers have towards the products in the market (Perner, 2011). The model of passive view requires that marketers should train the consumers to overcome the fears and tension about using products. This can be done by pestering a positive attitude towards the p roducts in the market and changing negative perception about products offered in the market. Behavior change is made by introducing new cultures for the consumers. Cultural change can only be done by liaising with all the stakeholders of the company and the community to ensure that the consumers are ready to develop positive attitudes towards the products in the market (Perner, 2011). A contrast of the economic, passive, cognitive and emotional models of consumer decision making provides that shows that people have different emotional characteristics and this will determine their purchase behaviors. The economic class of a person also will determine the decision making process and the theories developed may be not true. People behave differently and their decision making process will be determined by the environment and the experiences they have had in the past about the products (Perner, 2011). Home ownership is an example of psychological need that many people have and this has mo tivated many people to seek information about mortgage plans and other schemes which can enable them own a home before they retire from employment. The desire is shaped by the economic, passive, cognitive and emotional models of consumer decision making. Culture has also played a key role in the development of the need to own a home before a person retires. It is a culture that every person earning some income should be able to provide shelter for the family. This culture has shaped the decision making of people and as such people have developed a savings habit to purchase such products. Conclusion Consumer behavior is an integral part of marketing processes adopted by any company. Marketers must identify the culture, behavior and all aspects of their consumers so that they can maintain a competitive position in the market. Additionally, the proper channels of introducing products in the market should be followed to enhance quick acceptance and adoption of products. Therefore, marke ters should apply the process of segmentation, targeting and positioning to ensure the customers become loyal to their products. This process should coincide with the decision making process by the consumers to ensure potential consumers are attracted while the existing ones are retained. List of references Deaton, A. Muellbauer, J. (1980). Economics and consumer behavior. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Ferrell, O. C. Hartline, M. D. (2008). Marketing Strategy. Cengage Learning. Horner, S. Swarbrooke, J. (2005). Leisure marketing: a global perspective. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Jobber , D. Lancaster , G., (2009). Selling and Sales Management. 8th Edition. Financial Times Press McDonald, M. Dunbar, I. (2004). Market segmentation: how to do it, how to profit from it. Oxford. Butterworth-Heinemann. Mooij, M. K. Mooij, M. (2010). Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising. London, Sage. Mowen, J. C. Minor, M. (2001). Consumer beh avior: a framework. New York: NY, Prentice Hall. Mullen, B. Johnson, C. (1990). The psychology of consumer behavior. New Jersey: NJ, Routledge. Perner, L. (2011). Consumer behavior: the psychology of marketing. Retrieved from http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/ Peter, J. P. Olson, J. C. (2009). Consumer Behavior. New York, McGraw-Hill. Sandhusen, R. L. (2000). Markets. New York, NY: Barron’s Educational Series. Schlegelmilch, B. B. (1998). Marketing ethics: an international perspective. London, Cengage Learning EMEA. Schiffman , L., Kanuk , L., (2010). Consumer Behavior: International Edition. 10th Edition, London: Pearson Higher Education Solomon, M., (2011). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having and Being, Global Edition, 9th Edition, Pearson Higher Education. Taylor, C.R. and Lee, D., (2007). Cross-cultural Buyer Behavior. (Series: Advances in International Marketing v.18) Emerald Group Publishing. This assessment on Theories of consumer behaviour was written and submitted by user Dalton Brooks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essays

Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essays Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essay Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essay Typical stakeholders in a organisation might include Customers: customers want value for money which involves providing the highest quality products at competitive prices. Employees: Their stake is that the company provides them with am livelihood. They want security of employments, good rates of reward and also promotional opportunities. Suppliers: They want to feel valued by the company and want frequent orders with prompt payments. Owners: In a company it would be the shareholders. Owners are often thought to be the most important stakeholders because they have set up the business and give a lot of time into the company to make it successful. Owners like to see their share of profit increasing, and the value of their business rising. Trade Unions: This is for groups of employees who seek to secure higher wages and better working conditions for their members. Employer associations: This is the same as trade unions but for the employers, representing the interests of employers in specific industries. Local and National Communities: The actions of business can have a dramatic effect on communities. E. g. The oil Giant Shell has built vast pipelines in Nigeria, which runs through the lands of various tribal peoples. The pipelines can be very dangerous and causes local pollution. Community leaders therefore represent important interest groups Governments: The government wants businesses to become successful, to create jobs and to pay taxes. They want to see good businesses that take a full responsibility on looking after the welfare of society. Influence of stakeholders on organisations A business needs to take account of the interests of all its stakeholder groupings. These interests are linked together. For example if Richard Branson decides to run his virgin trains using greener fuels, this means that the cost of journeys on Virgin trains increases. This may be a bad thing because: Customers may have to pay higher fares Shareholders may get lower profits Virgin buys from new suppliers rather than the old ones Some jobs may be a risk The government may lose taxes However, it may be seen as a good thing because: It is better for the environment More people may want to travel by train because its greener Employees feel better about working for a greener transport company The company may increase sales and make more profits.

Frankenstein Coursework Help

Frankenstein Coursework Help Frankenstein Coursework Help Frankenstein is a well-known novel which requires careful reading and critical analysis. Writing a Frankenstein coursework you need to pay attention to avoid creating a summary of the novel instead of critical analysis. If you struggle with Frankenstein coursework writing or do not have enough time to devote to coursework writing, you should not hesitate to order professional Frankenstein coursework help on our site. Custom written Frankenstein coursework is original, interesting to read, meets academic requirements, and is never posted online as a free sample! Please read the following excerpt of Frankenstein coursework written by one of our professional coursework writers! Frankenstein Coursework Excerpt In the story Frankenstein, the main genre is gothic horror. Horror is usually recognized on fear, terror, fright and suffering. Its mainstay is to frighten readers and make them realize terror is occurring so, therefore, contains frightening scenes. One of the distinctive features of many horror stories is the setting and nature and in Frankenstein the depressing glacial fields of the Alps and the dreary mist of the Arctic shows remoteness of the two central characters; Victor and his creation. Another part of horror in Frankenstein is the element of the dark side of human nature, when a monstrous creation is unleashed which leads to the idea of horror because monsters are usually associated with committing acts of killing on innocent people. The structure of Frankenstein can be slightly complicated because it has several narrators and they both share their own views on the events which have occurred. The novel begins in typical novel fashion by starting the story in the middle of things and then launch into a series of flashbacks which make it difficult to foretell coming events. Captain Robert Walton writes to his sister Margaret Saville about his adventures, which the reader looks in upon in a distinctive epistolary novel style. Then Victor recounts his story to Walton, who takes notes and sends them to his sister. Then the monster tells Victor about his or its quest, which Victor recounts to Walton. Starting with Walton when he writes to his sister, his letters are like a diary and become somewhat quite personal. When he begins writing his letters, his point of view begins neutral. But after he meets Frankenstein he becomes prejudiced and begins to understand Frankenstein's feelings and sympathises towards him. But when he meets the monster, Walton's views change again because he sympathises with the monster. The novel is then told from Frankenstein's point of view until the closing pages when we hear from the monster. This will affect the reader as they would automatically feel the most sympathy for whoever tells the story, as the speaker would naturally tell things from their perspective, and they would open up about their feelings. Also, our expert writers have prepared the post onhow to make a reaction paper:. Related posts: Jane Eyre Essay Example of Argumentative Essay Cause Effect Papers Term Paper Editing Critical Essay Editing

Do European Works Councils represent a major advance in employee Essay

Do European Works Councils represent a major advance in employee representation - Essay Example countries with central management of large multinational companies to discuss issues as complex as worker rights and any plans the company may be considering that would affect workers. Meetings also allow employees of one country to share information and experiences with colleagues from other nations. â€Å"Employee participation at a European level became a reality with the introduction of the European Works Council Directive† (Fitzgerald, 2004: 1). The purpose of the Councils: to provide workers within large multinational corporations, through their designated representatives, a direct line of communication to top management. With communication as key, various national councils insure that workers in all countries are provided accurate information about plans and policies of the transnational companies who employ them, and ensure worker representatives of established unions and national works councils the opportunity to consult amongst each other and develop a common response before policies and plans are implemented. Beyond these goals, three main views about why works councils primarily exist include benign goals as stated to improve communication and less benign goals of worker control over bargaining and negotiations and input into company policy when market failures occur that may negatively impact their employment. Based purely on description of purpose, the formation of the councils appear a valid and reasonable response to the advent and power of multinational corporations—impersonal behemoths larger than life with little sense of employee conditions or problems experienced at lower management levels. The success of the councils as regards employee representation is, as might be expected, mixed. This paper examines the reality of the success or failure of the councils, and to what degree they have advanced the cause of worker representation. Fitzgerald (2004) points out that the EWC Directive in its final form was viewed as a watered-down version of

Cineworld Group PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cineworld Group PLC - Essay Example Objective of the report The objective of this assessment is to highlight the relation between the performance and the corporate governance of the company. The company chosen for this assessment is Cineworld Group PLC. In 1995 Stephen Wiener founded Cineworld Group plc. Initially it was a private company but in the month of May in 1997 it became listed on the London Stock Exchange. It is the only listed cinema company in the UK. It consists of around 70% of the total UK box office market and owns 60% of the total number of screens in the United Kingdom (Cineworld Cinemas, 2012b). Critical evaluation of the corporate governance Cineworld Group PLC is a listed FTSE 250 company in London Stock Exchange. It follows the corporate governance code and conduct of United Kingdom for the companies below FTSE 350. The board of Cineworld Group PLC has eight members out of whom there are two Executive Directors and number of Non executive directors is six. Among the non executive directors five of them are independent and one non executive director works independently. There are three main committees namely remuneration nomination and audit. Each of this committee works in their respective fields. New committees are formed by the board to discuss some specific topics .The nomination committee helps in setting up the board. It evaluates the skill and experience of the board members and determines its size and composition. It also appoints and replaces directors whenever necessary. This committee also looks after the retirement of the board members. The three non executive directors are David Maloney, Thomas McGrath and Peter Williams. Thomas McGrath currently heads this committee. The general meeting of this committee is held twice a year. The committee for remuneration looks after the company’s policy that deals with the executive and personal remuneration and also with the remuneration of non executive directors and senior management who are below the Directors. The three non executive directors in this committee are Peter Williams, Martina King and David Maloney. Peter Williams is the chairman of this committee. The general meeting of this committee is held twice annually. The committee for auditing ensures the proper reporting of the financial statements of the company. It scrutinizes the financial statements and also reviews the internal and external audits. This committee helps in recruiting the external audits and looks after the proper functioning of the internal audits. It also reviews and finalizes the annual report. Peter Williams, David Maloney and Rick Senat form the audit committee. David Maloney is the Chairman of this committee. The general meeting of this committee is held twice annually. The main aim of the corporate governance board of Cineworld Group PLC is to abide by the UK corporate governance code. (Cineworld Cinemas, 2012c). Relation between performance and corporate governance Corporate governance is one of the key facto rs that ensure consistent growth of a company. Any company that aims for a steady increase in its profit and its shareholders wealth must have well functioning corporate governance policies. If we take a look at the financials of the Cineworld Group PLC and compare the year 2011 with the year 2010 we will see that this company has improved its financials significantly

Cyber Terrorism Poses Threat to National Security

Cyber Terrorism Poses Threat to National Security Terrorism has relocated from the traditional world to the cyber world. Terrorism has entered a new age where a combat zone has emerged in cyberspace. The health, wealth and security of nations such as the United States of America is in jeopardy as critical infrastructures are targeted by terrorists through cyberspace to bring terror to the nation. Cyber terrorism has made terrorists to be more vibrant and less suicidal: there is now no need for travelling long distance with explosives, chemical and biological weapons that might put their lives in danger. This research paper aims to outline reasons behind terrorism relocating to cyberspace, how terrorists intend to use cyberspace to bring terror and the advantages that cyberspace has given them. Traditional tools of terrorism are often regarded as a one step forward and two steps back method as traditional tools are sometimes suicidal and their destination might not be reached. Cyber terrorism is thus a stepping stone for terrorists as they can destroy, hack into systems, alter information and their attacks cannot always be anticipated. Accordingly, this research focuses on how cyber terrorism poses a threat to national security. Based on this threat several aspects of national security espionage will be outlined. Information about economic espionage will be discussed where the economic intelligence is under threat of cyber terrorists. Information warfare will be touched on for example how television and radio transmission can be hijacked and the leakage of sensitive information be used to sabotage stock exchange. Cyber warfare will also be covered to see how cyberspace is used to target the military operations and its facilities. In conclusion, types of cyber terrorism groups that target national security will be discussed. Statistics on cyber terrorist threats will be looked at and ways to stay safe from those types of threats. Introduction Cyber terrorism has been defined in many ways but the main objective is to bring terror by the use of cyberspace. Terrorists have found a comfortable and much safer environment to launch their attacks. Cyberspace has become a training ground, recruitment and training agency, a meeting place and a marketing tool for terrorists. Cyber terrorism causes great discomfort to national security as terrorist organisations, foreign governments, criminal organisations and individual hackers develop new ways to attack critical infrastructures, the military and the government. Cyber terrorism tools has made cyberspace to be the head-quarters for terrorists. Cyber terrorism has become the new weapon of mass destruction for terrorists where their cyber attacks may go unnoticed or at the time of notice, the response time may be limited. Cyber terrorism has given terrorist reason of attacking national security at any given as cyberspace is more advantageous than traditional methods. National security is said to be the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power. The greater the capacity national security has of holding sensitive information and trade secrets, the greater the capacity to feel pain from cyber terrorists. Now the national security needs to protect the survival of the nation state and also its survival from terrorists attacks. Since well national security cannot fight cyber terrorism on its own they are agencies such as the National Security Agencies (NSA), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) which help national security fight cyber terrorism. Cyber terrorism if not challenged head on will cause great deal of damaged terrorists relocated to cyberspace after seeing an opportunity that military power in not that dominant in cyberspace. In cyberspace terrorists have privileges of launching an attack at any time with no fear or doubt that it might not succeed or reach the designated area. Cyber terrorism is a trial and error method if the attack did not succeed u can try again mot like traditional method where as if u failed its either you die or end up in jail. Cyber terrorism takes many forms. One of the more popular is to target national security which is taken to be national security espionage. National security espionage ranges from economic espionage to information warfare and cyber warfare. Cyber terrorism stats show that every year enormous amount of money is lost due to cyber terrorism, cyber terrorists target critical infrastructures for making money or they fundraise in cyberspace to raise funds for attacks. Cyberspace has given terrorists a free way of launching their attacks we may fare for the worst as everyday terrorists manage to recruit and train its own army of terrorists the various number of available cyber terrorism tools has to the level of terrorism to an advanced level. We may ask ourselves if the world will ever be ready for a full length cyber terrorism attack. Where will the attack hit and will it be detected in time to respond to the attack? Background Cyberspace has become a combat zone The relocation of cyber terrorists from traditional tools to cyberspace has established a much safer and comfortable environment for terrorists to launch their attacks. In the process their relocation has triggered a robust and dangerous war, this war if fought between national security and cyber terrorists. The battleground has being set in cyberspace, Nation states have created cyber-warfare units, this unit will be known as USCYBERCOMM which is headed by Keith Alexander. Richard Clark said at the RSA conference China and Russia are stealing petabytes of information he also said that the government of China and Russia are successfully engaging in daily activities of stealing anything worth stealing and the United State government and private industry are not stopping them. Terrorists seek to harm the survival of the nation, harm the economy and target critical infrastructures of regions they are targeting. The survival of the national security might be left in shambles if a full scaled cyber attack may be launched against them. Although terrorists have not successfully launched a substantial cyber attack, the threat is there and grows bigger and bigger with every small cyber terrorism attack. With this small cyber attacks, cyber terrorists are gaining more experts and experience. A que stion may come to mind why are terrorists launching these weak attacks? What is the bigger picture that they are trying to painting? Will the answer to this question be that they are trying to find loop holes in systems to be targeted? We will never know until that time comes. National security depends on military power for security but the military is not dominant in cyberspace as it is dominant on surface land and in the sea. Military have limited resources to take on cyber terrorism. Terrorists seek to attack through cyberspace where their attacks have the potential to reach the destination originally targeted simply because the line of defence is not that powerful. Cyber attacks cannot be anticipated, they are no radars to track incoming attacks in cyberspace. Targeting critical infrastructures The move of terrorists to cyberspace has left the world in shivers as the world depends on critical infrastructures for survival and making earns meat. Targeting national security will reduce the ability of protecting the nation; if the ability of protecting the world is reduced terrorists can strike in ways that we cannot image. People are not safe in their homes as gas pipelines pass under their houses cyber terrorists can cause a major gas pipe line burst of regions they are targeting the terror of September they 11 may be relived with the use of pipelines this time. Advantages of cyber terrorism Cyber terrorism is much safer than traditional tools; cyber terrorism has made terrorists to be lee suicidal. Terrorists can cause greater damage at less risk of being caught in the crossfire. Recruitment, teaching and fundraising is simple, they can recruit people make a lot of money in a short space of time. They is no need for terrorists to travel long distance with biological weapons and bombs, attacks can be made remotely from anywhere in the world. Their attacks cannot be anticipated can cause great impact. No check points to go through for terrorists to reach their destination. Cyber terrorism is cheaper than traditional methods. National security espionage National security espionage can be defined as the use of cyberspace by terrorists to penetrate national security systems to try and steal critical information, trade and government secrets and target critical infrastructures. National security protects the nation through the use of economic, military and political power. Cyber terrorists seek to exploit the fact that national security holds sensitive and dangerous information which can harm the survival of national security and the well being of the nations. National security espionage can take many forms which ranges from economic espionage to information warfare and cyber warfare here is an overview of the three types of national security espionage which are mentioned above: Economic espionage Economic espionage also known as industrial espionage is known as the use of cyberspace by under developed countries, commercial or industrial enterprises to gain information of trade secrets which are not available on open channels. Cyber terrorists target Europe and the United States of America as they posses power in the market areas, they have top companies and they are fully developed. Types of cyber terrorism groups that cause terror to national security They are various types of cyber terrorism groups, but the one which cause great deal of panic is those that target national security being for political purpose, industrial espionage or cyber warfare. Whatever the target may be towards national security, the outcome of the attack will be enormous. Groups like: The Osama bin Laden Crew This is a group of cyber jihadists which was found in the year 2000 by Abdullah Quraischi. Al-Qaeda Cyber terrorism tools and techniques The biggest tool for terrorists has become the internet. The internet is an immeasurable digital library, anything about any organisation can be found in the internet. Terrorists use various tools in cyberspace to bring harm, they use tools like: Distribution Denial of Service (DDoS) This is an attempt of denying services, making computer resources not to be available to the intended users. Sniffers Sniffers are used to get passwords of systems (spying of passwords). Rootkits(Musk intrusion) Rootkits are utilities installed in a victims machine to ensure that a cracked system remains available to the intruder. Rootkits are difficult to trace as the system will work as its being working before. Network Analyzers (SATAN) Spoofing (smurfing) Worms Worms are programs which makes copies of itself and copies to other computers trough out the network. Trojan Horses Is the software program which runs on the victims machine and can run secretively BackDoor Backdoors allows hackers to enter systems again at a later stage without being noticed Botnet (zombie army) Botnets are malicious softwares which runs automatically on computers which are hacked.

Environmental Issues Essay

The environmental issues in India become more serious every day and she is turning into a bit of a mess on this front but with over 1 Billion people most of which in dire poverty, it’s hardly surprising. The recent boom in its industries, little or no environmental education, infrastructure nearly at bursting point not to mention the huge deforestation that’s going on. If you think your country has some problems then you are about to be a bit of a shock because I’m sure nothing compares to some of the environmental issues in India. A whopping 65% of the land in here is degraded in some way, shape or form and the endless government policies do little to curb the damage. In fact, there is no shortage at all of government legislation protecting the environment but unfortunately it is never enforced due to flagrant abuse of power, corruption and lack of resources. If you have ever been to India you have undoubtedly noticed the serious little problem that they have in India. No, it’s not like here in the UK where a can of coke and crisp packet on the floor are a litter problem. India’s litter problem is almost a bit disturbing. The attitude is to just throw it on the floor, there are no bins, just drop it. That’s 1 Billion people disposing of their rubbish on the floor, every day. The scope of the problem is almost unimaginable and of course, it takes generations to change a habit like that but no one is starting. What they need here is education and that is what is seriously missing. With regards to environmental issues in India, India appears to be digging its own grave deeper and quicker than the rest of us, nearly 30% of India’s gross agricultural output is lost every year due to soil degradation, poor land management and counter productive irrigation. The wetlands and lakes are also being hit hard. Mainly by the industrial boom that hit India a decade ago, the main problems being improper disposal of industrial waste like chemicals etc. India’s 7516 km of coastline have also come under attack from this environmental sabotage, overfishing remains a huge problem due to lack of legislation enforcement. Raw sewage from an awful lot of people is pumped endlessly into the ocean along with other industrial waste and chemicals. Hundreds of miles of coral and other sea life are slowly being destroyed due to offshore drilling. Tourist centres such as Goa suffer due to badly managed development and excessive tourism, again resulting from the lack of legislation and policy enforcement. The main environmental issues in India The Environmental issues in India are huge. Whether it’s the rapidly dropping water tables, mass deforestation, land degradation or river contamination, India has it all and on a massive scale. Water resources Perhaps the largest of the environmental issues in India facing the people of India is inadequate or lack of access to vital fresh water resources. As India’s industries get bigger so will the amount of water they require and the amounts are already beginning to spiral. As an example I use the Coca cola factory which was accused for years of messing up an entire eco system. By simply diverting all the water to their factory, millions of people went without. The company are also accused of causing huge droughts and contamination to a massive area by exploiting an excessive amount of ground water and then replacing it with toxic discharge. Of course, Coca Cola is a big famous company and that is why this came to news but I have no doubt that there are a million examples of similar things happening all over India. Years of exploitation and extraction of groundwater in India has caused the national water table to suddenly and very dramatically drop. Considering that 85% of rural drinking water and 55% of urban water comes from underground sources, this seems to me a very urgent problem as literally hundreds of millions of people could be left without water†¦ does it even bear thinking about! The rivers are on the front line of pollution in India. Millions of people depend on them for their livelihoods but they are slowly being polluted and destroyed by sewage, chemicals and other agricultural and industrial waste. These are some of the most polluted rivers in the world but little seems to be to stem the incessant destruction. Deforestation The story of deforestation is another of the highly serious environmental issues in India. It is predicted that almost 5. 3 Million hectares of forest have been destroyed since the independence. Most of it being chopped down for housing, industrialisation and river projects. It is estimated that the number of Mangrove Forests have more than halved in the last 20 years. The government soon recognised the importance that these forests hold for the conservation of soil and put forward a range of polices trying to curb the destruction; of course, nothing has really changed and thousands of acres are destroyed every year with nothing in the way of ‘replacement’. Poor management and abuse of power are again the increasingly sad cause behind the mass deforestation of India, some call it greed. Protected areas are largely declassified so that commercial activities can take place but new areas are not reclassified. Poaching is another factor, people actually coming in and steeling trees and one of the final blows to the forest of India who already seem to have lost the battle is the invasion of foreign tree species such as Eucalyptus etc. Air Pollution India now has one of the worst qualities of air in the world. Without a doubt the main contributor of air pollution in India is the transport system. In the big cities like Delhi and Mumbai, millions of old and very dirty diesel engines churn out millions of tonnes more sulphur than their western equivalents partly because of being old and partly because of the diesel. As a result, the asthma rate for children in some of the larger cities is now at %50 and rising fast. Because of the varied causes and consequences surrounding this topic, I’ve devoted a whole page to India air pollution. Plastics and other waste I have already touched on the massive problem of waste disposal but I intend to go into it more here. It seems that some areas are simply fed up with the lack of Government intervention and are using there initiatives. As an example I use some of the towns and villages in Kerala who are seeing a return to the old paper bags from plastic ones. As I am sure you know, plastic isn’t in any urgency to degrade but the people of India don’t seem to recognise this as they throw every unwanted item onto the floor wherever they are. Of course, the victims of this environmental issue in India are the future generations and the animals. The holy cows that are so integral to Indian life are slowly being killed from the huge amount of plastic bags they consume that eventually rap around their insides.

Drinking Age Lower It - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 962 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Lowering The Drinking Age Essay Did you like this example? After Prohibition, nearly all states adopted a minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one. Then, between 1970 and 1975, twenty-nine states lowered the MLDA to eighteen, nineteen, or twenty. Advocacy groups urged states to raise their MLDA to twenty-one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drinking Age: Lower It" essay for you Create order Several did so in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but others did not. To encourage a national drinking age, Congress enacted the national MLDA. Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, establishing twenty-one as the minimum legal purchase age. Today, almost 72% of teens who drink get alcohol without having to pay for it. Although a substantial amount of Americans claim that persons under twenty-one do not yet have the physical or mental capacity to handle drinking responsibly, drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen due to the fact that persons at the age of eighteen are able to make important decisions and the prohibition of alcohol has been unsuccessful in the past sixteen plus years. Many Americans have argued the drinking age should either stay twenty-one or be raised due to the undeveloped prefrontal cortex. According to the National Center of Biotechnology Information, Cells that will produce the nervous system begin to form about three weeks after fertilization in humans, and cerebral maturation is not complete until an individual reaches his or her fourth decade of life. This means the prefrontal cortex, which is where the brain makes informed decisions, will not be fully grown until about forty years. Do American citizens want the MLDA to be forty? According to Health Magazine, Alcohol speeds up a neurotransmitter called glutamate, which is responsible for regulating dopamine in the brains reward center. In an underdeveloped brain, the neurotransmitter will react in a worse way causing the brains reward center to go insane. Ones judgment would be greatly impaired. Excessive alcohol consumption causes physical and mental impairment. Peoples under twenty-one will face major consequences in their persons. According to the U.S. Department of Health Human Services, there were about 189,000 emergency department visits by people under age twenty-one for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol in 2010. Although this may pose a reason not to change to MLDA, studies done by the U.S. Department of Health Human Services show that the number of binge drinkers goes down significantly in nations where the MLDA is eighteen-twenty. Drinking by those below the age of twenty-one is also strongly linked with: death from alcohol poisoning and unintentional injuries, such as car crashes, falls, burns, and drowning. School performance problems, such as higher absenteeism and poor or failing grades, are linked with underage drinking in the U.S. This could be linked with the study that the number of binge drinkers goes up harshly with a higher MLDA. Citizens at the age of eighteen are able to get married, join the military, sign contracts, get tattoos, pay bills, and vote. These are all crucial and major decisions. Persons at the age of eighteen are able and encouraged to make adult or responsible decisions. According to the Conference of Local Bar Associations, at the age of eighteen your list of rights and responsibilities skyrockets from little to no legal responsibilities up to total responsibility for ones self. Citizens at the age of eighteen have the right to vote in national, state, and local elections, have the right to live independently from your parents and be free of their control, have the right to marry without your parents permission, have the right to enter into a contract, have the right to make a will, have the right to run for some elective offices, have the right to obtain medical treatment without the consent of your parents, have the right to apply for credit in your own name, have the right to work in al l types of jobs, and may enter military service without your parents permission. All of these important responsibilities but at eighteen a citizen cannot purchase or consume alcohol. The MLDA is eighteen-twenty in 116 countries. This list includes Australia, Canada, France, Greece, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. These are more economically developed countries (MEDC) just like the U.S. Attempts of alcohol prohibition have failed harshly, causing teenagers to drink less often but more rigorously. According to ChooseResponsibility.org, 90% of the alcohol consumed by persons aged eighteen to twenty is consumed when the individual is engaged in an episode of heavy drinking. Especially when understood in terms of the effect of large quantities of alcohol on the developing brain, this is an alarming statistic. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, In 2017, about 7.4 million people aged twelve to twenty drank alcohol in the past month, including 4.5 million who were binge drinkers and 932,000 who were heavy drinkers. About three-fifths of underage current alcohol users, 60.7 percent, were binge drinkers, and about 1 in 8 were heavy drinkers, 12.5 percent. About one-fifth of underage binge drinkers, 20.6 percent were heavy drinkers. Prohibition is not effective and the age groups drop below eighteen and even twelve. In 2003, 29% of the underage citizen population who were current alcohol users. In 2016, 19.3% of the underage citizen population who were current alcohol users. In the U.S, underage alcohol consumption is allowed on private, nonalcohol-selling premises, with parental consent in twenty-nine states. The goal of the MLDA is to prohibit alcohol consumption in citizens under the set age. This goal has not been achieved in the slightest. On top of this, the prohibition of alcohol proves to increase alcohol consumption. Countries with lowered MLDAs are proven to have lower alcohol abuse rates. Drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen due to the fact that persons at the age of eighteen are able to make important decisions and the prohibition of alcohol has been unsuccessful in the past sixteen plus years, harming more citizens than protecting.

The Impact of the Black Death on Europe - 1526 Words

Ring-around the Rosie, A pocket full of posies, Ashes! Ashes! We all fall down. Is a sad remembrance of a terrible event as expressed to a happy childrens nursery rhyme. â€Å"Ring around the Rosie,† describes the swelling in the lymph node. This swelling is circular making up the â€Å"ring† the center turns black and is surrounded by a red rash. The â€Å"Rosie† is the center of this reddish ring. The living began rotting before dying, healthy individuals used flowers to cover the odor. The poem shows attempts to get rid of the smell in the second verse, â€Å"a pocket full of posies† The posies represent fourteenth century air fresheners. â€Å"Ashes! Ashes!† Some may believe that the ashes represent cremation, the last line in the poem expresses death â€Å"we all fall down† no one survives the plague (1). The Black Death ravaged through Europe killing millions but its effect on France was most noticeable. Europe before the Black Death was not doing so well in any standards. Good farmland was overworked, new lands were producing little crop, the population had outgrown the land. The climate was cooling so peasants ate their seed grain and then their farm animals (2). When humans are exposed by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that will most likely become infected. This bacterium is transmitted through three main ways. Being bit by an infected flea is the most common way to become exposed to the plague. Contact with contaminated fluid or tissues were both common way to become infected. This is whenShow MoreRelatedThe Black Plague Of Middle Ages1257 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Aged Europe was an expansive period of time and marked the beginning of the Renaissance. A period of time in which reformation of important social aspects such as religion, education, and the arts was active and advancing at a rapid rate. 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